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AIRFORCES, INC., Est. 2007 AS A MIAMI, FLORIDA BASED, PRIVATELY OWNED, FUNDED AND OPERATED MILITARY AVIATION OPEN SOURCE INTELLIGENCE (OSINT) PLATFORM

Monday, November 26, 2007

Falkland War Combat Veteran Lockheed P-2V Neptune

On May 4, 1982, 2-P-111 guided the Super Etendards during their successful Exocet anti-ship missile attack against HMS Sheffield.

Sunday, November 25, 2007

Argentina & Brazil, Latin America's Only Two Lockheed P-2V "Neptune" Operators


ARGENTINA: In 1958, the Comando de Aviacíon Naval acquired eight ex-RAF MR.1s (P2V-5). These first Neptunes were later supplemented by three USN surplus SP-2E's and one EP-2E between 1966 and 1972. In 1977 Four SP-2Hs were delivered to the 1 Esc de Exploracíon when Argentina's attempts to replace its aging Neptunes with the P-3B Orions was blocked by the US. When the Falkland Island War began in 1982, only three of the SP-2Hs remained in service. On May 4, 1982, 2-P-111 guided the Super Etendards during their successful attack against HMS Sheffield. The well-worn SP-2Hs fleet were withdrawn from service shortly thereafter.
BRAZIL: 14 ex-RAF MR.1s (P2V-5) were aquired in 1958-59 for use by the 1º/7º Grupo de Aviação, Força Aérea Brasileira, at Salvador. Designated P-15s, they were assigned serials P-15 7000 to P-15 7013. The FAB Neptunes were progressively phased out with the last aircraft retired in 1976.

The Grumman S-2 Tracker's In Latin American ASW / Maritime Operations


Brazil (Força Aerea Brasileira)The FAB received 13 S-2As in 1961 and the were locally designated P-16As. After the carrier 'NAel Minas Gerais' was taken into service, the aircraft were deployed onboard regularly. Three S-2s were used for transport and called UP-16As by the Brazilians.
Venezuela (Armada Venezolana)Around 1974/1975 the AV received 6 S-2Es. These aircraft were supplemented in 1982 by 2 more. The main task was anti-submarine warfare and coastal patrols. The Trackers of the Venezuelan Navy have already left the active service and are kept in storage at naval air base Puerto Cabello.
Argentina (Comando Aviacion Naval Argentina)On Februari 6, 1962 the Argentinian Navy received six S-2As that were based at BAN Punta Indio. They later moved to BAN Comandante Espora. The Trackers were also frequently based onboard the aircraft carrier 'A.R.A Independencia' (V-1). In June 1967 one extra S-2F was added to the squadron.
Peru (Fuerza de Aviacion Naval)The 'flying navy' of Peru received a total of nine Grumman S-2E Trackers, that were delevered from 1976 on. After some accidents an S-2G was purchased in the 1980s. According to unconfirmed reports the Trackers are no longer in active service. The home base of the aircraft was Jorge Chávez (Lima).
Uruguay (Aviación Naval Uruguaya)
One of the smallest users of the Tracker was Uruguay. The aircraft were stationed at the air base of Laguna del Sauces, close to the capital Montivideo. The ANU received 3 S-2As and 3 S-2Gs, which had a general patrol task and took part of maritime exercises with neighouring countries and the US Navy. The Trackers are now in storage awating a possible decision to convert the to Turbo Trackers.

La Fuerza Aerea Uruguaya / Uruguayan Air Force Sole Jet Fighter

The sole jet fighter in the Fuerza Aerea Uruguaya "FAU" is the Cessna A-37B Dragonfly. Built as a more powerful attack derivative of the T-37 primary jet trainer, the A-37's operate alongside the PC.7's at Durazno. Their operating unit is Escuadrón Aereo 2 de Caza, part of Brigada Aérea II as well.
A total of 16 has been received which of course suffered some attrition since introduction in 1976. 275 depicted here is part of the original batch of eight orderd in 1975.

La Fuerza Aerea Uruguaya / Uruguayan Air Force

Wedged between Brazil and Argentina lies Uruguay. The country's Air Force can trace it's history back to 1913. Today's Fuerza Aerea Uruguaya is primarily tasked with border patrol, for instance to intercept narcotics smugglers. Other roles include transport and support of remote settlements. The Uruguayan Air Force do not operate more or less modern fighters, instead relying on armed trainers and a few counter insurgancy aircraft supplied by neighbouring Argentina. A wide range of liaison aircraft is being used alongside a pair of ex-USAF C-130B Hercules transports. As far as helicopters is concerned, the types used include ex-US Army UH-1H and ex-RAF Wessex HC.2.

Saturday, November 24, 2007

The Cuban Mig-17, No.232 Which Helped the U.S. Republican Argument Toward the AWACS Program In 1969

The most famous event involving a Cuban MiG-17AS, was associated with the desertion of one of it's pilots to United States. This happened on October 5th 1969, when Cuban Air Force Lieutenant Eduardo Guerra Jimenez from the Santa Clara MIG-17AS Regiment landed his MiG-17AS N°232 at Homestead AFB during the same time that President Lyndon Johnson Boeing 707 "Air Force One" was at the base, when Johnson was on a scheduled visit to Miami.
The incident showed the vulnerability of America's airspace. This serious incident provoked debates within the U.S. Congress, where Republican Congressman Robert F. Sikes uses it as strong argument in favor of the Radar Program AWACS.

Thursday, November 22, 2007

Fuerza Aerea Sandinsta Heavy Lift Helicopters of Central America


Sandinist president Daniel Ortega inherited a poor country with high rates of homelessness, illiteracy and insufficient health care. The new government established farming cooperatives, waged an education campaign and introduced an immunization program. However, military ties with revolutionary countries like Cuba and the Soviet Union were tightened, initializing huge investments in the Nicaraguan military infrastructure. As soon as 1980, the Sandinist government sent seventy cadets to Bulgaria for pilots training. Russian and Cuban advisors and construction teams were flown in to expand the military infrastructure, resulting in the construction and improvement of many airbases.
Large numbers of Mi-8 and Mi-25 assault and combat helicopters were delivered between 1981 and 1990, although many were lost to Contra fire. In 1992, most surviving Mi-25 Hinds were sold to Peru, alongside about twelve Mi-8MT Hips. Only about fifteen Hips remain in service.

Argentinean "Tail Hookers" Onboard The U.S.S. Ronald Reagan CVN-76

2004 Exercise "Gringo-Gaucho V" While operating of the coast of Argentina, within South Atlantic, the U.S.S. Ronald Reagan CVN-76 played host to the Argentinean Navy 2da Escuadrilla Aeronaval de Caza y Ataque (2nd naval Fighter/Attack Sqd) operating the Dassault-Breguet Super Etendard and the Escuadrilla Aeronaval Antisubmarina (Antisubmarine naval Sqd) operating the Grumman/IAI S-2T Turbo Tracker.
The Argentinean "Tail Hookers" took advantage of the Reagan's presences and got in a good amount of "Touch & Go's" which in Naval Aviation jargon is better known as a "Bloter".

Grumman S-2 Trackers in Argentina

The Grumman S-2 Tracker (previously S2F) was the first purpose-built, single airframe anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft to enter service with the US Navy.
The Argentine Navy received its first S-2A models in the 1960s and later used the improved S-2E from the aircraft carrier ARA 25 de Mayo. In the 1990s, they were upgraded with local software and by Israel with turboprop engines nicknamed S-2T Turbo Trackers. With the retirement of its unique aircraft carrier, the Argentines currently use them from the NAe São Paulo of the Brazilian Navy.

"Latin American Grumman Cats", Argentine Navy Grumman F9F-5 Panther's & F9F-6 Cougar's


Argentine Navy
The only foreign buyer of the F9F-5 Panther & F9F-6 Cougar
was the Argentine Navy, who bought 24 ex-USN aircraft in 1958. The catapults on the then only Argentine carrier, ARA Independencia (V-1), were considered not powerful enough to launch the F9F-6, so the aircraft were land-based.
The Argentine F9F-6 Cougar's were involved in the general mobilization during the 1965 border clash between Argentina and Chile but no combat occurred. They were taken out of service in 1969 due to the lack of spare parts and replaced with A-4Q Skyhawks.[7]

Wednesday, November 21, 2007

Lockheed T-33 vs. Lockheed T-33 In The Skies Above Central America

Out of five T-33As the FAS inherited from the former FAGN, in 1979, at least two remained operational by 1987. One of them was last seen in derelict condition at the dump of Mangaua IAP, but still wearing clearly visible remnants of what appears to have been a five-colour camouflage pattern, in light and dark sand, light grey-blue, and two green colours. While on the available photographs of this wreck only the serial applied on the top of the fin in black (173) and the fin flash bellow it can be seen, photographs of another T-33A apparently taken at the same dump show also that the full Sandinista roundel was applied as well. Wether this was the case with "173" remains unknown. Interestingly, although there were time and again reports that the FAS still had at least two T-33As in service well into the 1980s, there are no reports about their combat deployments, and from narratives of former US mercenaries flying transports for Contras, it seems that they were never especially concerned about the possibility of being intercepted by any of Nicaraguan T-33s.
Another popular type within the FAGN became the Lockheed T-33A, the first - and so far the only - fighter jet in Nicaraguan service. The T-33s participated intensively in the fighting against the Sandinistas, during the 1960s and 1970s. Five airframes fell into Sandinista hands, in 1979, and at least two remained operational by the mid-1980s, offering the FAS at least a minimum of fast-jet capability. The example seen here, serialled 303, was last seen at Managua, in the late 1970s.

"Round Engines" Which Served The CIA In Central America

The CIA-backed Contras used many different types for moving supplies and fighters around different countries in Central America, but also for flights into Nicaragua. This photograph is showing a busy scene from Aguacate airfield, in Honduras, in 1983, and shows (clock-wise) DHC-7 Carribous, Lockheed Harpoon (or similar aircraft), another DHC-7, a DC-6, and a DC-3/C-47 in the foreground. Odd it looks much like Opa Locka Airport in Miami, Florida with so many vintage "Round Engines".

The Last Flying "Elefante" (Elephant) Within The Mexican Air Force

In April 2000, a couple of giant Mi-26T Halo were bought from Rostvertol, with this company providing training of FAM personnel at Rostov-on-Don, in southern Russia. Named “Elefante” (Elephant) in FAM service, the Mi-26T was destined to provide heavy-lift capability to the newly created Disaster Relief Rapid Reaction Force “FARCD”.
The first Mi-26T, serial 1901, crashed in December 2001, as it was hauling an inoperable Mi-17 on sling south of Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua. Both helicopters were lost an this left 1902 as the sole “Elefante” in service. Although at the time programmed, the required Mi-26T replacement was later cancelled. Ship number 1902, last Mexican Air Force flying "Elefante" (Elephant) and thus the largest helicopter operating in Latin America soldiers on, providing heavy lift capability in the 303rd Air Squadron.

Mexican Naval Aviation, The Mexican Naval Mil Mi-17's Russian Helo's


The Mexican Naval force received its first Mil Mi-17s on 15 March 1995, at the naval air station in Veracruz. After successful flight-testing, a total of 25 airframes were purchased via the Russian arms export company Rosobornoexport.
This was the first time for Mexico to acquire Russian-made equipment instead of more usual aircraft and helicopters purchased from the USA or Europe. Mexican Mi-17s made their first public appearance on 15 September 1995, participating on a military parade in Mexico City, astonishing the public by their size and sound. Meanwhile, Mexican naval Mi-17s are deployed in five squadrons, each operating five helicopters, including the following units:
PRIESCAMET (first squad)
SEGESCAMET (second squadron)
TERESCAMET (third squadron)
CUARESCAMET (fourth squadron)
Escamet stands for “Escuadron de ala movil de exploracion y transporte”– or Airmobile exploration and transport squadron.Primarily roles on these helicopters are cargo and personnel transport, support for the immediate reaction forces, ground and marine interception. Secondary roles are maritime surveillance of territorial waters, coast guard, close air support, infiltration and extraction of special forces, search and rescue, medical evacuation, and reconnaissance.

Tuesday, November 20, 2007

Argentinean Air Force First Ever Air to Air Combat Victory (In Shooting Down Their Own)


During the September 1955 'revolution', not only the Fuerza Aerea Argentina-(FAA) but also the rebels put Meteors in use. Because of this both sides were forced to apply additional recognition markings on their planes. The rebels used a large 'V', adorned by a cross and a legend 'Cristo vence' (Christ wins). Very few good photographs showing this insignia are available and most were taken during the 'Victory Parade', held at Cordoba after the coup. For this reason it remains unclear in which colour were these markings applied. Many of their details remain unknown as well. From available photographs, however, they were most likely applied in yellow or light blue. Note: The rebel markings in Meteors were hand painted in RED!

Serial: I-063 (lower photo) flown by officer J.Adras, on 16 June 1955, the FAA Meteor F.Mk.4 'I-063' shot down the AT-6A (top photo) flown by a rebel pilot, thus scoring the first ever air-to-air victory for the Argentinean air force.

Sunday, November 18, 2007

Day-Light Sensative Caribbean Mig-17's Tucked Away From NRO's Orbiting Eyes


CLASSIFIED: During the 3rd Quarter of 2007 on a certain Caribbean Island, with a certain Capital City just South of Key West, Florida, roughly bearing GPS Coordinates of 23 degrees 07' 00.44"N - 82 degrees 23' 18.80"W with an Elevation of 99 feet, there is an airfield located South by South East, bearing 22 degrees 58' 12.06"N - 82 degrees 16' 29.81"W with an Elevation of 394 feet, where a certain Pentax K-1000 camera load with Kodak ASA 100 B & W film accomplished something that a U.S. National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) Satellite may have not been able to do. The photographing of one of nine near perfect, well maintained flight ready example of a Mikoyan-Gurevich-Mig-17F "NATO Code Name Fresco-C" at this certain field.

Friday, November 16, 2007

Historical Milestones in Latin American Military Jet Aviation


With the end of World War II, developments in jet aviation were taking place very rapidly, following hard on the heels of actual use of jet aircraft by the Germans during the war. In Argentina, where Juan Perón was in power at the time, the postwar trade boom enabled Argentina to acquire the very first jet aircraft of any kind in Latin America in the form of not fewer than 100 Gloster Meteor F.4 fighters acquired from Great Britain starting in May 1948.

Needless to say, the Argentine initiative in acquiring jet fighters at a time when all other Latin American air forces were equipped with World War II vintage propeller driven aircraft prompted acquisitions in some very unlikely places. In the Dominican Republic, during the regime of Trujillo, 25 de Havilland Vampire F.1 fighter-bombers were purchased second-hand from Sweden in 1955, making the Dominican Republic the first jet-equipped air force in the Caribbean.
Later, still on the subject of jet aviation, the Honduran Air Force became the first Central American air army to field supersonic fighters when it acquired at least 21 Dassult Super Mystere B2’s in 1976. These airplanes are unique in all the world, as, before they were delivered from their former Israeli owners, they were re-engined with U.S.-built Pratt-Whitney J52 engines, this accounting for the extended exhaust area. Some of these aircraft are still in service in Honduras.
While jet fighters and fighter-bombers were one thing, jet bombers were another item all together. Venezuela tipped the balance of power in northern South America radically in April 1953. She acquired the first of a number of variants of the very capable English Electric Canberra light jet bombers. Subsequently, Argentina, Peru, Ecuador and Chile also acquired examples of the Canberra. Although some of these are still in service, the Canberra bears the distinction of being the only jet-propelled bomber to see service in Latin America.

Cochabama, Bolivia, The Towns Only Traffic Circle B-25 Mitchell Bomber


Utilizing Google Earth in surveying the general area in and around Cochabama, Bolivia prior to arriving there for a consulting assignment this past June 2007, we noticed an image of a B-25 Mitchell Bomber close to the local International Jorge Wilstermann airport. Obtaining the GPS coordinate from Google Earth and using our hand held Magellan unit, we located a traffic circle which is home to this Bolivian Air Force B-25.

Tegucigalpa, Honduras Chance Vought F4U-5 Corsair Fighter

On a trip to Roatan, Honduras back in 2005, our business schedule took my team and I to the Capital City of Tegucigalpa. While there we learned of a Chance Vought Corsair and traveled to see this great example of a F4U-5. Both Honduras and El Salvador were the only Central Latin American Countries to operate the "Bent Wing Fighter" and which engaged each other in air combat with Corsair vs Corsair. NOTE: The Argentine Navy was another Corsair operator in Latin America.

Thursday, November 15, 2007

The Biggest Air Force In Latin America


Brazilian Air Force FAB - Força Aérea Brasileira

The Brazilian Air Force (FAB) is the biggest air force in Latin America; it operates more than 800 aircrafts and has more than 50.000 personnel. The FAB is subdivided into four big sectors Commands:
I FAE
(I Força Aérea)Advanced fixed and rotary wings instruction;
II FAE (II Força Aérea)Maritime patrol, SAR, helicopters transport roles and Navy support;
III FAE (III Força Aérea)Fighter command. It has all first line combat assets under its control. Fighter, attack and reconnaissance aircrafts;
V FAE (V Força Aérea)Responsible for the transport missions.

The Inter-American Air Force Academy (USAF-Latin American Military)

Through its various incarnations and in various locations, the Inter-American Air Forces Academy (IAAFA) has endeavored to fulfill this mission, whether located in the Panama Canal Zone, at Homestead Air Force Base, Florida, or in its present facilities at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas. A key component in meeting that mission comes through promoting inter-Americanism, with an eye toward interoperability and hemispheric stability.
Founded 15 March 1943 during the height of the Second World War, IAAFA predates the establishment of the U.S. Air Force itself. Initially known as the "Central and South American Air School" and a little later on as "United States Air Force School for Latin America," the academy’s establishment stemmed from a request by the Peruvian Minister of Aeronautics, General Fernando Melgar, and began with training 11 Peruvian students (1 officer and 10 enlisted) at Albrook Field, Panama Canal Zone, making it the first aviation training conducted by the United States in Latin America (LATAM). By the end of June 1943, the academy’s curriculum had expanded to five six-week courses (Radiocomunicación aérea, armero de avión, mantenimiento de teletipo, mantenimiento de miras de bombardeo, mantenimiento de las torretas de mando mecánico).
Currently, IAAFA provides Spanish-language instruction for both officers and enlisted personnel in 46 supervisory, specialization, and technical-academic courses including aircraft systems and maintenance, helicopter maintenance, electronics, communications, intelligence, supply, logistics, air base ground defense, security, pilot instrument procedures, computer resources, and information systems management. The length of these courses vary from 1 to 12 weeks, with 30 to 35 percent of that time spent on academic theory and the remainder of the time dedicated to extensive "hands-on" training, which has always been one of the hallmarks of the academy’s curriculum. Training takes place at three geographically separated locations: Lackland Air Force Base, Kelly Field (formerly, Kelly Air Force Base), and Camp Bullis (a US Army installation northwest of the city of San Antonio). Each location provides an ideal environment for conducting the particular training from logistics and aircraft mechanics to intensive air base ground defense and security force courses.

Wednesday, November 14, 2007

The M61A1 Latin America's Prefered Aircraft & Helicopter Gatling Gun

The M61A1 gun and the ammunition handling system is simultaneously driven by a hydraulic drive unit run by the aircraft’s hydraulic system. The hydraulic pressure is supplied through a hydraulic fluid manifold electrically controlled by a dual-rate solenoid valve. This solenoid valve is controlled from the cockpit through the gun control unit (GCU), which results in the gun firing at 6,000 (GUN HIGH) or 4,000 (GUN LOW) rounds per minute.

Tuesday, November 13, 2007

Vanished into the dark of night scandal of stolen Dominican Air Force fighter J85-GE-17A engines widens

MIAMI-Latin Airforces learned that three airplanes seized from drug traffickers were dismantled and sold for parts, whereas 3 turbines of Dominican Air Force (FAD) fighter jets have vanished in the same circumstances. The Corruption Prevention Department (Depreco) said 4 turbines were sent to Miami under the pretext of repairs, though in what it described as a cannibalization process, it implicates the ex-FAD chief of staff Virgilio Sierra Perez, among other senior officers. Depreco Assistant director Hotoniel Bonilla said the investigation found that the intention was to sell those pieces to individuals in Miami and cites the case of one of the turbines, which was transferred to the Colombian Air Force for US$75,000.
Mr. Bonilla told Latin Airforces via a telephone interview that the probe includes the whereabouts of an "endless number of parts" under the control of the FAD; 3 airplanes that had been seized from drug traffickers; 2 generators for A37 jet fighters, which allegedly ended up in a museum in New York, "so that what has taken place is the pilfering of assets pertaining to the Dominican State through the Air Force."
Latin Airforces also learned that implicated are the ex- colonels Eldito Méndez Casanova, Luis Benito Peralta Vásquez, Ricardo Cabral Vittini, as well as the civilians José Guillermo Vanderhorst, Manuel de los Sanos Mora Matos, Héctor Rafael González Guzmán, Ricardo Rojas, Tom Lotterman and Nicholas Bantell.

NEWS FLASH: Nov.13 2007 Caribbean Dragon Theft

2 Dominican Air Force colonels are indicted for stealing jet engines
MIAMI- Latin Airforces confirmed that a Santo Domingo province Instruction Court set bond at RD$5 million, placed an exit impediment and the obliged the appearance on the 30th of each month as restrictive measures against Dominican Air Force retired colonels Edito Méndez Casanova and Luis Benito Peralta Vásquez, accused of stealing and later selling 2 jet turbines belonging to the Cessna DragonFly light attach aircraft.
The Justice Ministry requested that the judge Alexis Perez impose temporary incarceration, because in its view the retired officers pose a risk of fleeing.
Corruption Prevention Department assistant director Hotoniel Bonilla stated that they have sufficient evidence to request a criminal trial.
Peralta appeared in court without a lawyer, prompting a temporary suspension of the hearing to assign him a public defender. Together with Méndez, he was accused of prevarication and embezzlement against the Government.

A-37B "The Caribbean Dragons"

The next Fuerza Aerea Dominicana (FAD) re-structure took place during the mid-1980’s, and saw acquisition of new combat-, patrol- and training aircraft. After several Cuban MiGs humiliated the FAD, playing and taunting with the old Mustangs off the Dominican coast, the government requested US assistance. The A-37B Dragonfly attack jet was the only model cleared for the FAD, and suitable fighters, such as the supersonic F-5E Tiger II was not offered. However, the Dragonfly would go on to replace the tired Mustangs in the COIN and light attack role, with eight aircraft delivered.
The Dominican Dragonflies had its first operational intercept in 1985, when one shot down a Beechcraft D-18 during an anti-narcotic operation. The original requirement was for up to 16 Dragonflies, but only the first batch was delivered. Instead, the FAD received eight Cessna O-2A observation aircraft. The O-2’s were pressed into service on border patrol, reconnaissance and coastal patrol, armed with machine guns and rocket launchers.

The Dominican Republic Air Forces Boeing B-17's "Fortress of The Caribbean"

President Trujillo created the Aviation Detachment for the National Army through General Order No.1 in January 1936. However, this was only the beginning of Trujillo’s ambition to put his air force at the forefront of Latin American military aviation. His ambition was as big as his vanity, and he even changed the name of the country’s capital city from Santo Domingo to Ciudad Trujillo. By 1943 an important and modern airbase had been constructed in the outskirts of Ciudad Trujillo, just 20 km east of the city and tasked with handling both civilian and military operations. The base was inaugurated on January 22, 1944 and named “General Andrews” airbase, in honor of U.S. General Frank M. Andrews.
Meanwhile, a group of Dominican exiles living in Cuba threatened to invade the country in 1947 and overthrow the Dictator. This group developed its own air force, the Fuerza Aérea del Ejército de la Revolución Americana (FAERA), using Havana as their main operating base, from where they intended to invade Dominican Republic in June 1948. FAERA’s fleet included two Cessna T-50s, one Consolidated B-24, two PBY-5A Catalina amphibians, two C-46 Commandos, two C-47 Dakotas, one C-54 Skymaster, two Lockheed PV-1 Venturas, two B-25 Mitchells and eight P-38L Lightnings.
The Dominican government quickly started negotiations with Canada for the acquisition of 30 Mosquito bombers as well as the U.S. for sale of a powerful fleet that included 30 B-25 Mitchell light bombers, four B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers and 18 P-38 Lightning long-range fighters. Its intention to destroy the FAERA was no secret, and such an attack would had provoked a war with Cuba, so the U.S. government limited military sales to 15 PT-17 primary trainers during that period.

Monday, November 12, 2007

Argentinean Air Force FMA (Lockheed Martin) IA-3 / AT-63 Pampa



Although influenced by the Dassault-Breguet/Dornier Alpha Jet design, the Pampa differs in being a smaller aircraft, it is also single-engined and has straight instead of swept wings. Also the avionics systems are simpler than the Franco-German aircraft, which has an important combat second role. The Pampa prototype first flew on October 6, 1984.
Production of the initial series has been delayed and hampered by the state of the Argentinian economy, and as a result only 20 production aircraft have been built for the Argentine Air Force. They are in service with the IV Air Brigade at Mendoza in the advanced training role of Argentine pilots.
With the acquisition of FMA by Lockheed-Martin the Pampa went from a MLU (mid life upgrade) with new engine, a more advanced avionics compatible with the A-4AR and weapon system. This new project is called AT-63 Pampa (for attack-trainer) and is commercialized by Lockheed-Martin itself. By now the only client is the Argentinian Air Force who is in the process of modernize its entire fleet and buying 6 new built units. The AT-63 was also offered to Colombia, Greece and Venezuela.